Autoallergy.

Date:
1974
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Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

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Credit

Autoallergy. Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Source: Wellcome Collection.

About this work

Description

Professor Peter Lachmann lectures on autoallergy - a situation in which a living creature mounts an allergic response to components of its own tissues. He shows how many instances of autoallergy are quite harmless to the body whilst explaining the detailed biological mechanisms which cause them. 7 segments.

Publication/Creation

London : University of London Audio-Visual Centre, 1974.

Physical description

1 encoded moving image (36.20 min.) : sound, black and white.

Contributors

Duration

00:36:20

Copyright note

University of London

Terms of use

Unrestricted
CC-BY-NC
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 2.0 UK: England & Wales

Language note

In English

Creator/production credits

Presented by Professor Peter Lachmann, Royal Postgraduate Medical School. Produced by Peter Bowen and David Sharp. Made for British Postgraduate Medical Federation. Made by University of London Audio-Visual Centre.

Notes

This video is one of around 310 titles, originally broadcast on Channel 7 of the ILEA closed-circuit television network, given to Wellcome Trust from the University of London Audio-Visual Centre shortly after it closed in the late 1980s. Although some of these programmes might now seem rather out-dated, they probably represent the largest and most diversified body of medical video produced in any British university at this time, and give a comprehensive and fascinating view of the state of medical and surgical research and practice in the 1970s and 1980s, thus constituting a contemporary medical-historical archive of great interest. The lectures mostly take place in a small and intimate studio setting and are often face-to-face. The lecturers use a wide variety of resources to illustrate their points, including film clips, slides, graphs, animated diagrams, charts and tables as well as 3-dimensional models and display boards with movable pieces. Some of the lecturers are telegenic while some are clearly less comfortable about being recorded; all are experts in their field and show great enthusiasm to share both the latest research and the historical context of their specialist areas.

Contents

Segment 1 Lachmann starts the lecture by describing, briefly, what autoallergy is - an allergic response to components of a creature's own tissues. He discusses historical perceptions of the process from the time of Ehrlich and Burnet. Lachmann states that autoallergy is not as dangerous a process as was previously believed and is perhaps more similar to other allergic processes than was previously thought. Time start: 00:00:00:00 Time end: 00:05:25:00 Length: 00:05:25:00
Segment 2 Lachmann talks about which kind of antigens cause immunological unresponsiveness, therefore produce no notable allergic responses. He explains how the genetic code of an individual plays an important role in what they will be allergic to; experiments with different strains of mice are referred to to illustrate this point. Time start: 00:05:25:00 Time end: 00:09:14:11 Length: 00:03:49:11
Segment 3 Lachmann discusses blocking factors that might prevent immune or allergic responses in different individuals. He refers to experiments in which cells have been artificially rendered insensitive to specific antigens. He introduces the concept of suppressor T-cells which block the action of B-cells which are the primary cells which react to antigens. Time start: 00:09:14:11 Time end: 00:14:50:18 Length: 00:05:36:07
Segment 4 Lachmann moves on to talk more specifically about autoallergy, the mechanisms which cause a response to a creature's own antigens. He describes how autoantibody formation is actually very common and often nobody would know that the process is taking place - for instance when antibodies to spermatozoa are produced, they do not destroy the spermatozoa. Time start: 00:14:50:18 Time end: 00:20:03:00 Length: 00:05:12:07
Segment 5 Lachmann talks in detail about the role of T-cell and B-cell responses to antigens. He describes experimental work in this field which induce either T-cell or B-cell responses or differing combinations of both. He shows how defective T-cells in the absence of reactive B-cells might lead to human antoallertic disease, characterised by the formation of organ specific autoantibodies. Time start: 00:20:03:00 Time end: 00:25:06:00 Length: 00:05:03:00
Segment 6 Lachmann discusses specific autoimmune diseases occuring in animals - for instance, the New Zealand black mouse which suffers from haemolytic anaemia and leads to a specific kind of leukaemia. Time start: 00:25:06:00 Time end: 00:30:32:00 Length: 00:05:26:00
Segment 7 Lachmann looks in more detail at leukaemia cells, particularly the C-type leukaemia virus and analyses the genetic and immune response elements associated with the virus. In a similar way, he discusses lupus, another autoimmune disease which can also be studied in mice. Lachmann concludes by outlining the similarities and differences between autoallergic reactions and other antigens. He stresses again that not all autoallergic reactions are associated with disease. Time start: 00:30:32:00 Time end: 00:36:20:24 Length: 00:05:48:24

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