The biological stations of Europe / by Charles Atwood Kofoid.

  • Kofoid, Charles A. (Charles Atwood), 1865-1947.
Date:
1910
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: The biological stations of Europe / by Charles Atwood Kofoid. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    466/492 (page 440)
    near the few islands. Close by the station depths of 50 to 60 m. are found. The salinity of the water at surface levels is subject to great fluctuations. The shores are granitic and afford a firm substratum for attached forms of life. Full lists of the land flora and marine fauna are given in the paper of Derjugin (1906). In this list are re- corded 32 species of Coelenterates, 24 echinoderms, 98 mollusks, 19 tunicates, and 41 fishes, indicating a fauna of remarkable variety and richness, when the high latitude of the location is considered. Literature: Dean (1894), Sand (1897), Faussek (1896), Derjugin (1906), Averinzev (1906, 1909). RUSSIAN BUREAU FOR THE INTERNATIONAL INVESTIGATION OF THE SEA. Ministry of agriculture and imperial domains. Russian delegates: Prof. Dr. O. van Grimm, Dr. N. Knipowitsch, zoological museum, Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg; Dr. L. Breitfuss, Zerkownaja 26, St. Peters- burg. The Murman expedition. Director, Dr. L. Breitfuss. Scientific assistants: Dr. A. Hausmann Dr. 0. Hausmann, Dr. W. Issatschenko, Dr. A. Linko, Dr. A. Smimow. St. Petersburg office, Zerkownaja 27. Field station and laboratory at Alexandrovsk, Gouv. Archangelsk. The participation by Russia in the International Commission for the Investigation of the Sea is shared by two independent bureaus, the Finnish bureau with headquarters at Helsingfors, and the Mur- man coast expedition with headquarters at St. Petersburg, and field of operations on the extreme northwestern coast of the Empire from Varanger fiord on the Norwegian frontier to the margin of the White Sea. It shares with the Norwegian province of Finmark the climatic amelioration of the Gulf Stream and the resulting enrich- ment of its fauna and flora and fisheries, noted for centuries for their wealth. The field of operations of the Russian bureau is a triangular area extending north from Kola fiord along meridian 33° 30' to 75° north, thence to Goose Cape on Nova Zembla (72° north), and returning thence to Kola fiord. Explorations are also conducted in Barents Sea to 77° north, westward to Vardo, and eastward to the Kara Sea. The Murman explorations were begun in 1898 under Doctor Knipowitsch and continued since 1902 under Dr. L. Breitfuss as a part of the international scheme. In addition to the scientific work along hydrographic, meteorological, geographical and biological lines carried out according to the programme of the International Com- mission in quarterly cruises, the Murman laboratory conducts an extensive work along industrial, educational, sociological and philan- thropic lines with the object of developing these arctic fisheries and building up the race of native fishermen. The programme includes the mapping of fishing grounds, determination of the seasonal move-