Earl Howe on the quarter-deck of HMS Queen Charlotte during the sea battle of the First of June, 1794. Stipple engraving by D. Orme after M. Brown, 1795.

The "Glorious first of June", a sea battle between the navies of France and Great Britain on 1 June 1794, in the Atlantic ocean off the coast of Brittany. It was acclaimed as a victory by both sides

"This commemorates Lord Howe's victory over the French off Ushant, known as the Battle of the Glorious First of June, 1794, a title it owes both to being fought over 300 miles out to sea and to the name by which it was publicly celebrated at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, coined by the playwright R.B. Sheridan. Howe is second from the left in the group on 'Queen Charlotte's' quarter-deck, standing full-length facing to the right with his body slightly to the left, in admiral's full-dress uniform, 1787-95, and wearing a cocked hat. Although he is shown in uniform this was not how he appeared during the battle, in which he was reported as wearing an old civilian coat and a knitted woollen cap, his face blackened with powder smoke. He holds a drawn sword in his right hand and gestures with his left. To the left, the Captain of the Fleet, Sir Roger Curtis, stands half turned to the right, leaning on a cannon bearing the name 'Queen Charlotte', with a speaking-trumpet in his right hand. He wears the full-dress uniform of a commodore, 1787-95, the same as a rear-admiral's, which he was entitled to wear as the flag captain to the Admiral of the Fleet. Two other sailors are positioned beneath him ... The main focus of the painting in the centre is the group around the dying Lieutenant Nevile (not Neville) of the Queen's Regiment, fatally wounded when a cannon ball from the 'Jacobin' struck the sword he was holding. It shattered and drove part of the hilt into his side, indicated by his blood-stained waistcoat. Walter Lock, a naval lieutenant in the blue jacket, lifts Nevile by the shoulders. To the left and centre of this group, Captain Tudor and Major Isaac, both kneeling, of the Second Queen's Regiment and the Queen's Regiment assist. This military contingent was embarked, as sometimes the case, to make up for a deficency of Marines. Standing on the right the 'Queen Charlotte's' flag-captain, Sir Andrew Snape Douglas, in captain's full-dress uniform of over three years, 1787-95, has incurred a head wound. His left hand holds the wound on his forehead; his right hand rests on his drawn sword, and a lieutenant standing behind him supports him. Assisting him, to the far right, stands midshipman Graham Hammond, portrayed full-length to the left in midshipman's uniform, 1787-1812, wearing white trousers and with a speaking-trumpet under his left arm. He was the son of Sir Andrew Hammond, and aide-de-camp to Douglas. The action of the fleet has been framed in the background between rigging to the left and a draped sail to the right, creating the effect of a tableau. In the distance ships fire at each other and men are blasted out of the water. On the left is a stern view of 'La Juste', 80 guns, which was subsequently captured, flying the French ensign and the signal for close action at the mizzen-topgallant masthead. This ship was subsequently captured. Further in the distance, the 'Brunswick', 74 guns is shown in action with the 'Vengeur du Peuple', also 74 guns. In the centre of the picture, the 'Royal George', 'Gibraltar' and 'Glory', together with other ships, are shown engaging with the French, whose 'Vengeur' and 'Sans Pareille' appear between clouds of smoke. Uniform details are accurately portrayed, such as the red and black jackets of the military and the blue and gold of the Navy, as are weapons, ships, and other details. Mather Brown travelled to Portsmouth to sketch the 'Queen Charlotte' and the officers. He made careful drawings and measurements, and studied the captured French ships. The painting was popularly exhibited by Daniel Orme in Old Bond Street in 1795, complete with a key, prior to his publication of a large print from it that October. Significantly it was believed to be the first time that portraiture had been introduced into a naval historical picture, on the model set by West 'Death of General Wolfe' at Quebec in 1759, painted in 1771. The published print (NMM PAH7879 [i.e. the present stipple engraving]) shows that the canvas has at some point been cut down on all four sides. This accounts for the truncated figures to the left and right and has the effect of propelling the viewer immediately into the action."--online catalogue of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, Caird Collection

1795

1 print : stipple engraving ; sheet 41.4 x 57.4 cm

To the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty this print of the celebrated victory ... on the glorious first of June 1794 ...

Wellcome Collection 548349i