Removal of excreta and household refuse. Report of the medical officer of health to the health committee.

  • Nottingham (England)
Date:
1887
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Removal of excreta and household refuse. Report of the medical officer of health to the health committee. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service.

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    / 2^ 3 N*^ I I ^ I tipplicable. In Derby and Newcastle new pail closUS.are still sanctioned, though water closets ai-e preferred. Privies and middens, though still allowed to be constructed in Hull and in part of Salford, are condemned with practical unanimity on all hands, and are disappearing in most of the larger towns. Sunderland and South Shields have special forms of ash- closets, which are said to work well, but the success of this system is dependent upon ready access by scavenging-carts to the back premises. The trough system formerly tried in Liverpool has given place to single water closets. It does not appear that trough closets have been widely adopted by any town except as regards schools and factories. Bristol, Preston and Walsall require water closets of ordinary construction. Birmingham has recently adopted a new form of Hush closet devised by Dr. Hill, which deserves special attention The closet, several of which are usually arranged in series, consists of a large glazed pipe 17 x 15 inches in diameter leading vertically downwards, without trap of any kind, to a pipe drain beneath. The drain, which is trapped by a syphon before joining the sewer, receives at its upper end the whole of the slop water and other superficial drainage collected from the houses which it serves. This accumula- tion of waste water is found in practice to be sufficient to wash away the whole of the excreta from the closets com- municating with the drain. If however the drain serves only two or three houses, an automatic flush tank is employed in which the waste water accumulates until a volume sufficient for eflective flushing is collected. A man-hole is provided for access to the terminal syphon, at which point alone obstruction can occur. To avoid up-draught through the closets, a ventilat- ing shaft is attached to the highest point of the drain. It is desirable to place several closets upon the same common drain, in order to secure a better supply of waste water for flushing. The depth of the drain beneath the closet seems to be immaterial.